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    1介词与连词的区别

    栏目:八号文库 来源:网络 作者:烟雨蒙蒙 时间:2024-07-29 00:51:48 下载.docx文档

    第一篇:1介词与连词的区别

    介词与连词的区别

    介词与连词区别

    1.“和、跟、同、与”,有时是连词、有时是介词,而且属兼类词,所以很难区别。例如:

    [1]弟弟跟妹妹都走了。(连词)

    [2]弟弟跟妹妹借书。(介词)

    区别的方法有三点

    (1)“连词前后成分平等,可以互换位置而语义基本不变,而介词前后成分则有主有次,不能互换,否则意思全变了。例如,[1]弟弟跟妹妹都走了。=妹妹跟弟弟都走了。

    [2]弟弟跟妹妹借书。≠妹妹跟弟弟借书。

    (2)如果谓语部分有”都“、”全“、”一起“等词语,则前面的”和、跟、同、与“必是连词,例如”弟弟跟妹妹都借书“,其中”跟“即为连词。

    (3)如果是介词,它前面可以加上某些副词状语,而连词之前则不行。例如:

    [1]弟弟跟妹妹都走了。→弟弟老跟妹妹都走了。(不通)

    [2]弟弟跟妹妹借书。→弟弟老跟妹妹借书。

    [注意]:

    ”和、跟、同、与“有的分工:”和“常作连词,”同“常作介词,”跟“口语中使用,”与"书面语中使用。例如:

    [1]我国同美国和日本等国情不同。

    [2]你别跟我来这一套。

    [3]酒与文学(文章标题)

    介词与连词的区别:和、跟、与、同

    (1)连词所连前后项平等并列关系,共作同一成分,位置互换而意义不变,介词则否;

    (2)介词前可出现修饰语(状语),连词则否;

    (3)介词之前成分可省略,连词则否;

    (4)连词所连后项之后可有“都、也、全”等,介词则否

    -------------------------“与”在连词和介词两种用法下“意义”相同,这是一个重点,也是一个难点。

    1、赵孝成王德公子之矫夺晋鄙兵而存赵,乃与平原君计,以五城封公子。

    2、陈涉少时,尝与人佣耕。

    3、不复出焉,遂与外人间隔。

    4、齐与楚从亲。

    5、秦王与群臣相视而嬉。

    6、买五人之脰而函之,卒与尸合。

    上述句中1、2、3、6为介词,4、5为连词,其一般的分辩方法是:连词连接的成分前后顺序可以调换,而介词不能。

    经验:1“与”前有状语(主要为副词),直接确定其为介词,且屡试不爽;2“与”前无状语,但承前省略主语,亦为介词。

    高考真题

    (重庆卷05)加点词的意义和用法不相同的一组,其中C项为:C

    即以数十骑涉夏境,猝与之遇。介词(前有副词)

    独乐乐,与人乐乐,孰乐。介词(省略主语)

    第二篇:形容词和副词,介词,连词

    中考复习四 形容词和副词

    考试要求:

    形容词和副词的中考要求是:形容词改为副词(根据句子的需要);形容词和副词的比较级和最高级;某些特殊变化的形容词和副词的比较级(little-less-least等);形容词的同级比较(as/ so...as...的用法);形容词比较级的叠加句型(如:The more you study,the better you will get)。

    知识总结:

    1.形容词的知识点:

    形容词是用来形容和修饰名词的一类词。大多数形容词具有比较级,形容词的位置一般在其修饰的名词前面。形容词在句子中一般可以作定语、表语和宾语补足语等。

    例如:

    I want to buy a green sweater.我想买一件绿色的毛衣。(定语)

    Our headmaster is ill again.我们的校长又生病了。(表语)

    My dog’s death made me very sad.(宾语补足语)

    形容词的种类一般有:

    (1)简单的形容词有:good 好的,green 绿色的,long 长的,bright 明亮的(2)带有前缀a-的形容词:例如:afraid 害怕的,alike 相同的,asleep 睡觉的

    (3)由动词的分词构成的形容词:interesting 有兴趣的,exciting 令人兴奋的;tired 疲劳的

    spoiled 宠坏的。

    (4)复合形容词:数词+名词+形容词,如:five-year-old 五岁的;

    名词+现在分词,如:heart-breaking 令人伤心的;

    形容词+现在分词,如:good-looking 英俊的。

    2.副词的知识点:

    副词经常用来作状语,修饰动词或者形容词,副词或整个句子,表示时间、地点、程度、方式等。

    例如:

    Your mother spoke to us politely.你妈妈非常有礼貌地给我们说话。

    Luckily, we met our English teacher at the gate of the school.幸运的是,我们在校门口遇到了我们英语老师。

    副词还可以作表语、宾语补足语和定语等,副词作定语常需放在所修饰词的后面。例如:

    Life here is busy and interesting.这里的生活繁忙而有趣。

    3.形容词和副词的比较等级:

    形容词和副词一般有三个等级,即原级、比较级和最高级。一般来说,表示两者同等或不同等程度时用原级,通常用“as + 形容词/ 副词原级 + as...”或“not as(so)+ 形容词/ 副词原级 + as...”的结构。

    例如:

    My brother is as tall as I.我弟弟和我一样高。

    I will run as fast as I can.我尽可能跑(和我能跑的速度一样快)。

    The weather in Beijing is not so hot as that in Wuhan.北京没有武汉热。

    表示两者的比较时用比较级,通常用“形容词/ 副词比较级+than”的结构。

    例如:

    I am much better than I was yesterday.我比昨天好多了。

    Math is less interesting than English.数学不如英语有兴趣。

    表示一定范围内两者以上的比较时,用最高级,通常用“the + 形容词/ 副词最高级(+名词)+ of(in)...”的结构,只是副词最高级前可省去定冠词the。

    例如:

    This is the busiest day of the week.这是我本周最繁忙的一天。

    My sister sings best in my family.我妹妹是我们家唱歌最好的。

    4.形容词和副词的比较级变化规则:

    规则变化:

    (1)单音节词直接在其后面加-er/-est。例如:tall-taller-tallest hard-harder-hardest(2)以字母e结尾的单音节词在其后面直接加-r/-st。例如:brave-braver-bravest。(3)以一个辅音字母结尾闭音节单音节词,双写这个辅音字母再加-er/-est。

    例如:big-bigger-biggest;hot-hotter-hottest。

    (4)以辅音字母+y结尾的双音节词,先把y改为i,再加-er/-est。

    例如:happy-happier-happiest。

    (5)其他双音节词和多音节的词,在前面加more和most。例如:

    interesting-more interesting-most interesting;

    carefully-more carefully-most carefully 不规则变化:

    good/well-better-best bad/ill-worse-worst

    many/much-more-most little-less-least

    far-farther-farthest

    badly-worse-worst

    5.形容词和副词的比较级的其他用法:

    (1)在同级比较的结构as/ so+原级+as...的前面可用just,almost,nearly和half等表示程度。

    例如:He doesn’t study half so hard as you.他学习努力的程度不如你的一半。

    (2)两者相比表示倍数的时候用twice(...times)as+原级+as结构。

    例如:His mistakes are twice as many as yours in the homework.他家庭作业的错误是你的二倍。

    (3)比较级前面可以用many,much,far,a little,a bit,a lot等词修饰表示程度。

    例如:The sun is much bigger than the earth.太阳比地球大多了。

    We will come back a little later.我们会稍迟一点回来。

    (4)比较级的前面可以用any和no来修饰。

    例如:We were too tired to walk any farther.我们太疲劳了不能再走很远了。

    He was no longer a child.他不再是一个小孩子。

    (5)两个形容词和副词的比较级可以叠加表示“越来越”的意思。

    其结构可以是:比较级+and+比较级,而多音节词可以用more and more+比较级结构。

    例如:The days are getting longer and longer.天正变得越来越长了。

    Your sister becomes more and more beautiful.你的妹妹变得越来越漂亮了。

    (6)如果表示“越„„,就越„„”可以用“the+比较级„„,the+比较级„„”的结构。

    例如:The harder you works, the more you will get.你越努力学习,你得到的就越多。

    (7)当比较的双方属于同一范围内时候,用other或者else排除自己,因为自己不能和自己比较。

    例如:Shanghai is bigger than any other city in China.上海比中国其他的城市大。

    如果比较的双方不属于同一范围内时候,则不存在和自己比较的情况,所以可以不用other或者

    else。

    例如:Shanghai is bigger than any city in Heilongjiang.上海比黑龙江的任何城市都大。

    易错点点拨:

    1.比较级的形式误用。

    (1)Your room is more and more dirty.You had better clean it.〔解析〕本句子是考查形容词的比较级叠加的用法。形容词dirty是以“辅音字母+y”结尾的双音节词,它的比较级的叠加不能用more and more+形容词,应该用dirtier and dirtier,所以把more and more dirty改为dirtier and dirtier。

    (2)Our school is becoming more beautiful and more beautiful.〔解析〕本句子是考查形容词的比较级叠加的用法。形容词beautiful是多音节的形容词, 所以它的比较级的叠加用more and more+形容词的结构。所以去掉第一个beautiful。

    2.比较级的修饰词用法混淆。

    My English is very better than yours.〔解析〕本句子是考查形容词比较级前的修饰词的用法。形容词的比较级前面可以用many,much,far,a little,a bit,a lot等词修饰表示程度。但不能用very,所以把very改为much。

    3.形容词和副词比较级、最高级的用法相混淆。

    I think the car is fastest of all the three.〔解析〕本句子是考查形容词的最高级的用法,形容词的最高级前面用定冠词the,副词的最高级前可以不用定冠词the。所以fastest前加the。

    4.比较的对象不一致。

    The weather in Beijing is worse than Shanghai.〔解析〕本句子是考查形容词的比较级用法,两者相比的对象必须一致,北京的天气必须和上海的天气相比。所以把Shanghai改为that in Shanghai,用that代替上文提到的weather,以避免重复。

    5.形容词和副词用法混淆。

    My English teacher always talks friendly with us.我们英语老师总是友好地和我们交谈。

    〔解析〕本句子是考查副词修饰动词的用法,但是friendly是形容词。应把friendly改为in a friendly way。

    中考复习三

    介词和连词

    介词

    考查要求:

    主要体现在单项选择和完形填空中,涉及的题目多,考查的范围广,主要考查介词的基 本意义,意义相近的介词辨析、固定搭配等。

    知识总结:

    1.介词的概念

    介词是一种虚词,一般用在名词、代词等的前面,用来表示其后面的名词或者相当于名词的词或短语和其他句子成分的关系,在句子中不能单独作句子成分,需和它后面的词共同充当句子成分。介词后面的名词或者相当于名词的词或短语叫介词宾语。可以作介词宾语的词通常有:

    1)名词、代词或从句。

    He lives near the school.他居住在学校附近。

    Our teacher was very angry with him.我们的老师非常生他的气。

    2)动名词。

    They have a good idea for solving this problem.他们有一个解决这个问题的好方法。

    3)动词不定式(仅限于介词but,except)。

    I want nothing except to sleep.除了睡觉,我什么也不想做。

    2.介词的种类

    1)根据结构分类

    简单介词:即由一个词构成的单一介词。例如:for,at,in,on,of,to等。

    复合介词:即由两个词组合在一起的介词,也称合成介词。例如:

    without inside outside into within

    短语介词:即由短语构成的介词。例如:because of,according to,thanks to等。

    2)根据意义分类

    表示地点的介词:at,behind,beside,around,near,on,by,in front of,across等。

    表示时间的介词:about,at,after,before,by,during,in,over,past,since,until等。

    表示原因的介词:for,with,from等。

    表示手段和方式的介词:by,in,with等。

    表示“除去”的介词:but,except,besides等。

    表示其他含义的介词:about(关于,大约), on(关于), without(没有), off(从„„离开),instead of(代替), with(和)等。

    3.介词短语的功能

    介词和介词宾语一起构成介词短语。介词短语可以在句子中作下列成分: 1)作表语:

    She looks like an actress.她看上去像演员。

    What’s the book about? 这本书是讲什么的? 2)作宾语补足语:

    A cold kept him in bed for a week.感冒使他卧床一周。

    I found my mother on the bus.我发现我妈妈在公交车上。

    3)作状语:

    I will wait for you until tomorrow.我等你到明天。

    The teacher came into the classroom with a smile on her face.那位老师面带笑容进了教室。4)作定语:

    A friend in need is a friend indeed.患难见真情。

    4.中考经常考查的几组介词的用法

    1)时间介词at/ in/ on:

    表示具体的时间点(几点钟)和在周末前面用介词at。

    I usually get up at six in the morning.我通常在早上六点起床。

    I wasn’t here at that time.那时我没在这里。

    注意:

    at dinner time 在(吃)晚饭时 at night 在夜间 at weekends / the weekend 在周末

    表示在特定的日子、某月某日、星期几、节日等时间的前面,或者某一天的早上、下午、晚上的前面用介词on。

    We can play football on Sunday.我们可以在星期天踢足球。

    They came to my house on a cold winter morning.他们在一个寒冷的早晨来到了我家。表示较长的一段时间段的名词或短语前经常用in,如在早上、下午、晚上;在某月某年等。

    I was born in May.我出生在五月。

    They came here in 1998.他们在1998年来这里的。

    What are you going to do in the winter holiday? 寒假你打算做什么?

    注意:

    表示上午、下午或晚上的名词前一般用介词in,但是具体到某一天的上午、下午或晚上用介词on。in the morning 在上午 on Monday morning 在星期一的上午

    2)时间介词for,since

    for 和since引导时间状语都有延续之意。for +时间段表示“(延续).......之久”。since +时间点表示从过去某时延续到现在的一段时间。

    They have lived in China for ten years.他们在北京住了十年了。

    She has worked here since last year.从去年起她就在这里工作。

    3)时间介词in,after

    in+时间段表示从现在算起一段时间以后,一般用于将来时;after+时间段表示从过去算起一段时间后,一般用于过去时。另外after后也可以接具体时间用于将来时。

    He’ll be back in three hours.他三小时后回来。

    He came back after three hours.三小时后,他回来了。

    He’ll be back after 3 o’clock.他三点后会回来。

    4)方位介词at,in,on,to

    表示在某一点的位置或者具体的位置用at。

    We will have a picnic at the foot of mountain.我们在山脚下举行野餐。

    表示在某一个范围之内的方位用介词in。

    Shandong lies in the east of China.山东省在中国的东部。(山东省在中国范围之内)

    表示在某一个范围之外的方位用介词to。

    Japan lies to the east of China.日本在中国的东部。(日本在中国范围之外)

    表示两者相互接触,强调在同一条线或者同一个平面上用介词on。

    Shandong lies on the north of Jiangsu.山东省在江苏省的北部。(两省接壤)

    5)地点介词in/on / under/ above / over/ below

    表示一个物体在另一个物体的上面用介词on。

    There is a book on the desk.课桌上有一本书。(书在课桌表面上)

    表示一个物体在另一个物体的里面用介词in。

    There are some dumplings in the bowl.碗里有一些水饺。(水饺在碗里面)

    表示一个物体在另一个物体的下方(一般为正下方)用介词under。

    There is a ball under the chair.椅子下面有一个球。(球在椅子的下面)

    below意思是“在„„之下”,所指范围较宽,不一定在某物的正下方。

    From the plane, we could see the whole town below us.从飞机上我们可以看到下面城镇的全貌。

    表示一个物体在另一个物体的上方,并非由“垂直之上”的含义,用介词above, 其反义词为below。

    His room is above ours.他的房间在我们的上面。

    表示一个物体在另一个物体的正上方用介词over,有时有“覆盖;越过”之意。

    His room is over ours.他的房间就是我们头上的那间。

    There is a big bridge over the river.河上有一座大桥。(桥在河的上面)

    6)方位介词between,among

    between是表示在两者之间;among表示在三者或者三者以上之间。

    It’s a secret between you and I.这是我和你之间的秘密。

    There is a village among the trees.在树林里面有一个小村庄。

    7)表示工具、手段、材料的in,by,with

    in可以和表示某种语言的名词连用表示“用某种语言”。

    Can you answer my question in English?你能用英语回答我的问题吗?

    in也可以表示用某种工具或者材料的意思。

    Don’t write in pencil.Please write in ink.不要用铅笔写,请用钢笔写。

    by指使用的方法和手段,by和表示交通工具的名词连用时,中间不用冠词。

    My father often goes to work by bus.我爸爸经常乘坐公共汽车去上班。

    He made a living by selling newspapers.他靠卖报为生。

    with表示“借助于某种具体的工具或身体部位”。例如:

    We write with our hands.我们用手写字。

    I cut the cake with a knife.我用刀子切开了蛋糕。

    8)方位介词across,through,past

    表示从某一个物体的表面横过、穿过用介词across。

    They swam across the river.他们游过了河。

    从某一个物体的里面或者一定范围内穿过、横过用介词through。

    The boys go through the forest quickly.这些男孩子快速地穿过树林。

    从旁边经过用past。

    They drove past a big supermarket.他们开车经过一家大超市。

    9)except,besides

    except表示“除„„之外(其他的都)”其后的宾语是被排除在整体之外的。besides表示“除„„之外(其他的也)”,其后的宾语是被包括在整体之内的。

    All the students took part in the sports meeting except Tom.除了汤姆以外,其他的同学都参加了运动会。(汤姆没有参加)

    We need three more boys besides Tom.除了汤姆以外,我们还需要三个男同学。(我们也需要汤姆)

    易错点点拨:

    介词容易出错的地方在于上述一些介词的用法的混淆及在一些固定搭配中的误用。

    1)I usually play football with my friends in Sunday afternoon.〔解析〕本题是考查介词的用法,表示在早上、下午、晚上用介词in,但表示在具体的某一天的早上、下午、晚上用介词on。所以把in改为on。

    2)Guang Dong is in the south of Beijing.〔解析〕表示方位的介词用in/on/to,在范围之内用in,而广东不在北京的范围之内,所以把in改为to。

    3)I was born at July 1st, 1997.〔解析〕表示在某日或者某日的早上、下午、晚上用介词on,本句子的1997年7月1日是表示具体的一天,所以用介词on。需把at改为on。

    4)—How do you go to work?—I often go to work by my father’s car.〔解析〕表示乘坐某种交通工具,用介词by+表示交通工具的名词,中间不用冠词,但是如果这个名词前有其他的修饰词,则不能用by。此题应该把by改为in。

    5)We are asked to explain the work with English.〔解析〕表示使用某种语言用介词in,从本句子的意思理解是用介词in 和English连用表示“使用英语解释”的意思。因此把with改成in。

    6)They have learned a lot of subjects except English and Chinese.〔解析〕表示除了之外可以用两个介词except和besides,except是不包括的意思,从整体中排除except的后面的人或者物体;beside表示除了之外是包括的意思,表示在原来的基础上再加上besides后面的人或者物体。所以此题中把except改为besides。

    7)It is very clever for your brother to do the work like this.〔解析〕在句型It is+形容词+of/for +somebody +to do something中,用of还是用for取决于形容词,如果形容词是描述人物性格特征,后面的人与形容词有主语和表语的关系,用介词of;如果形容词不是描述人物性格特征,后面的人与形容词没有主语和表语的关系,用介词for。所以把for改为of。再如:

    It’s important for you to come on time.8)At the end, we came to the top of the mountain.〔解析〕此题考查介词的固定搭配。at the end of „表示在„„末,此句中应该用in the end表示“最后”,所以应该把at改成in。

    连词

    考查要求:

    通过连词来考查对句子的整体理解是近几年高考的热点,如两个分句的逻辑关系、结合连词考查的状语从句、连词的具体意义等。经常考查的重点连词有and,but,or,while,however及引导从句的连词if和whether;before和after等。

    知识总结:

    1.连词的概念

    连词是连接单词、短语、从句或者句子的一种虚词,在句子中不能单独作句子的成分,一般不重读。连词基本可以分为: 1)简单连词:

    如:or,and,but,if,because

    2)关联连词:

    如:both,and,not only„but also„

    3)短语连词:

    如:as if,as long as,in order to,so that

    2.连词的用法

    A.并列连词

    1)表示平行或者对等关系,常用的有and,so,not only„but also„(不仅„„而且„„),both„and„(两者都„„),neither„nor„(既不„„也不„...)等。

    Not only does he love the teachers, but also the teachers love him.他爱老师,老师也爱他。

    2)表示转折关系,常用的有but,yet(然而),while(然而)等。

    I am poor,but I am very happy.我很贫穷,但是我很愉快。

    3)表示选择关系,常用的有or,either„or„(或者„„或者„„),not „but „(不 是„„而是„„)等。:

    You may go with us,or you may stay at home.你或者和我们一起去,或者呆在家里。

    4)表示因果关系,常用的有:for(因为),so(因此)等,此时for不能放在句首。

    He must sleep, for his room is dark.他一定睡了,因为房间是暗的。

    B.从属连词

    1)引导时间状语从句,常用的有:before,after,when,while,until,since,as soon as等。

    I will come to tell you as soon as it comes out.结果一出来我就来告诉你。

    2)引导原因状语从句,常用的有:because(因为),as(因为),since(既然)

    Because it was too late, we took a taxi.因为天晚了,我们打了一辆出租车。

    3)引导结果状语从句,常用的有:so„ that(如此„„以致于),such„that(如此„„以致于),so that(结果„„)等。

    She was so careless that she forgot to write her name on the paper.她那么粗心,都忘记在卷子上写名字。

    4)引导条件状语从句,常用的有:if,unless(除非),as long as(只要)等。

    We will come here if it is fine tomorrow.如果明天天气好的话我们就来这里。

    5)引导让步状语从句,常用的有:though,although,even if(即使),however(无论怎样)等。

    We were still working though it was very late.尽管很晚了我们仍然在工作。

    6)引导比较状语从句,常用的有:as,than,so/ as„as,more than。

    This book is more interesting than that one.这本书比那本更有兴趣。

    7)引导地点状语从句,常用的有:where,wherever等。

    Please stay where you are.请呆在你现在的地方。

    8)引导名词性从句(如宾语从句),常用的有:that,if,whether,who,whom,what,which,whose,when,where,why,how。

    Can you tell me when they got there? 你能告诉我他们是什么时候到那里的吗?

    I think that he’ll be back soon.我认为他们不久就会回来。

    3.连词使用时的几个注意事项:

    1)not only„ but also„, neither„ nor „, either „ or„, not „ but„接主语时,谓语动词按就近原则处理。

    Not only you but also he has to leave.不只是你,他也得离开。

    Either you or I am wrong.不是你错,就是我错。

    Not money but workers are what we need.我们需要的不是钱,而是工人。

    2)祈使句,+and/ or +简单句,前面的祈使句表示条件,后面的简单句表示结果,or意思为“否则”。

    Hurry up, and we’ll catch the bus.快点,我们就能赶上车。

    Hurry up, or we’ll be late.快点,否则我们会晚的。

    3)英语中连词because和so一般不能同时在一个句子使用,同样连词although和but也不能同时在一个句子中用。这一点和汉语完全不同。

    Though he is young, he can help his mother a lot.虽然他很小,但是能给他妈妈帮很多忙。(无but)

    It was too hot in the room, so he took off his coat.因为房间里很热,所以他脱掉了外套。(无because)

    易错点点拨:

    1.Because he was ill, so my father didn’t come to my party.〔解析〕从句子的意思理解上下句是因果关系,英语中因为“because”和所以“so”一般不连用,所以去掉so。

    2.Both you and he has to go there on foot.〔解析〕表示并列关系的连词both„and连接主语时,谓语动词应该用复数,所以把has改为have。

    3.I am ill, and I still go to school.〔解析〕从前后两个句子的意思理解是转折关系,所以用连词but表示转折。表示“尽管我病了,我仍然去上学”。所以把and改为but。

    4.—Which do you like better, tea and coffee? —I like tea better than coffee.〔解析〕从问句的前半句Which do you like better可以判断后面用连词or表示选择关系。所以把and改为or。

    5.My brother likes swimming better to studying.〔解析〕从句子的意思理解是用连词than引导表示比较的状语从句。所以把to改为than。但是prefer„ to„,是固定搭配,表示“和„„相比,更喜欢„„”。

    6.We want to know as your father will come to our party tomorrow.〔解析〕从句子的意思理解可以看出“We want to know”后面是宾语从句,而as不能引导宾语从句,应该用连词if/whether表示“是否”或when表示“什么时候”来引导的宾语从句。所以把as改为if/whether/when。

    第三篇:古代汉语 介词、连词 用法总结

    介词、连词

    一、介词

    1、于(於、乎)

    ——引入行为动作涉及的对象

    宋公及楚人战于泓。(《左传·僖公二十二年》)是干戚用于古,不用于今也。(《韩非子·五蠹》)引入行为动作的处所与时间。

    颍考叔为颍谷封人,闻之,有献于公。(《左传·郑伯克段于鄢》)利泽施乎万世。(《庄子·大宗师》)——引入行为动作比较的对象

    青,取之於藍而青於藍;冰,水为之而寒於水。(《荀子·劝学》)其闻道也,固先乎吾。(韩愈《师说》)——引入行为动作的主动者,即表示被动。

    刑赏已诺,信乎天下矣。(《荀子·王霸》)

    2、以

    引入行为动作凭借的工具、材料与依据。

    蛇出于其下,以肱击之。(《左传·鞌之战》)以羽为巢,而编之以发。(《荀子·劝学》)引入行为动作凭借的资格、身份或地位。

    儒以文乱法,侠以武犯禁。(《韩非子·五蠹》)骞以郎应募使月氏。(《汉书·张骞传》)引入行为动作的原因

    夫韩魏灭亡,而安陵以五十里之地存者,徒以有先生也。(《战国策·魏策四》)扶苏以数谏故,上使外将兵。(《史记·陈涉起义》)引入行为动作的时间。

    文(指田文,即孟尝君)以五月五日生。(《史记·孟尝君列传》)

    3、为

    (1)引入行为动作的对象。

    为长安君约车百乘。(《战国策·触龙说赵太后》)苦为河伯娶妇。(《史记·西门豹治邺》)烦大巫妪为入报河伯。(《史记·西门豹治邺》)(2)引入行为动作的目的

    魏其锐身为救灌夫。(《史记·魏其武安侯列传》)(3)引入行为动作的原因

    天行有常,不为尧存,不为桀亡。(《荀子·天论》)

    二、连词

    1、与 作连词

    畦留夷与揭车兮,杂杜衡与芳芷。(屈原《离骚》)作介词

    公与之乘,战于长勺。(《左传·庄公十年》)夸父与日逐走。(《山海经·夸父逐日》)

    2、而

    (1)连接联合结构,连接形容词、动词或形容词、动词性词组,表示两种性质或行为之间的联系。既可以使顺接,也可以是逆接

    美而艳。(《左传·桓公元年》)入而徐趋,至而自谢。(《战国策·触龙说赵太后》)因释其耒而守株,冀复得兔。(《韩非子·五蠹》)水浅而舟大也。(《庄子·逍遥游》)

    (2)连接偏正结构,即连接状语与谓语动词,是一种顺接。

    吾尝终日而思矣,不如须臾之所学也。(《荀子·劝学》)太后盛气而揖之。(《战国策·触龙说赵太后》)

    (3)连接主谓结构,即连接主语和谓语,是一种逆接,或是一种假设。

    故令尹诛而楚奸不上闻,仲尼赏而鲁民易降北。(《韩非子·五蠹》)十人而从一人者,宁力不胜,智不若耶?畏之也。(《战国策·赵策三》)子产而死,谁其嗣之?(《左传·襄公三十年》)学而时习之,不亦说乎?(《论语·学而》)

    用在联合结构中,连接动词性词组,表示两种行为之间的联系,顺接。

    舟已行矣,而剑不行,求剑若此,不亦惑乎?(《吕氏春秋·察今》)连接主谓结构,是一种逆接。

    吾恂恂而起。(柳宗元《捕蛇者说》)

    连接偏正结构,即连接状语与谓语动词,是一种顺接。

    未至,道渴而死。(《山海经·夸父逐日》)

    连接偏正结构,即连接状语与谓语动词,是一种顺接。

    意而安之,愿假冠以见;意如不安,愿无变国俗。(《说苑·奉使》)连接主谓结构,表示假设。

    3、则

    (1)表示两件事情在时间上相承,可理解为“就”、“便”等。

    战则请从。(《左传·庄公十年》)

    人情一日不再食则饥,终岁不制衣则寒。(晁错《论贵粟疏》)(2)表示因果或情理上的联系,可理解为“那么”、“那么就”等

    风之积也不厚,则其负大翼也无力。(《庄子·逍遥游》)民贫则奸邪生。(晁错《论贵粟疏》)是故无事则国富,有事则兵强。(《韩非子·五蠹》)(3)表示假设,可理解为“如果”、“假如”

    时则不至,而控于地而已矣。(《庄子·逍遥游》)(4)表示发现,可理解为“原来已经”。

    公使阳处父追之,及诸河,则在舟中矣。(《左传·僖公三十三年》)(5)表示让步关系,可理解为“虽然”、“倒是”等。

    善则善矣,未可以战也。(《国语·吴语》)

    4、之

    (1)连接定语和中心语,表示领属或修饰关系

    是炎帝之少女。(《山海经·精卫填海》)足下上畏太后之严,下惑奸臣之态。(《战国策·范雎说秦王》)(2)插在主谓结构之间,取消主谓结构的独立性,使其变成偏正结构

    贡之不入,寡君之罪也。(《左传·齐桓公伐楚》)汤之问棘也是已。(《庄子·逍遥游》)

    第四篇:高中英语语法连词和介词【65题】

    连词和介词

    1【2024福建卷】China has been pushing the reform of public hospitals ____all its citizens.A.in charge ofB.for the purpose ofC.in honor ofD.for the benefit of 2【2024浙江卷】_____all the animals I've ever had, these two dogs arc the most sensitive to the spoken word.A.FromB.OfC.ForD.With

    3【2024湖北卷】 The furniture, with its modern style and bright colors, suits modern houses and their gardens, but looks _______ in the garden of a traditional home

    A.out of questionB.out of orderC.out of sightD.out of place

    4【2024江苏卷】 — Thank God you're safe!

    —I stepped back, just _______to avoid the racing car.A.in timeB.in caseC.in needD.in vain

    5【2024安徽卷】 You can change your job, you can move house,but friendship is meant to be______life.A.ofB.onC.toD.For

    6【2024辽宁卷】The Well Hotel stands in a quiet place ______the main road at the far end of the lake.A.toB.forC.offD.out

    7【2024四川卷】This training program can give you a lift at work, ____ increase your income by 40%.A.as well asB.so long asC.so much asD.as soon as

    8【2024陕西卷】An agreement seems to be impossible because the majority of the committee members are ______________ it.A.againstB.forC.toD.with

    9【2024北京卷】 Do you think this shirt is too tight ____ the shoulders?

    A.atB.onC.toD.across

    10【2024全国卷II 14】This shop will be closed for repairs ____ further notice.A.withB.untilC.forD.at

    11【2024北京卷 35】With new technology, pictures of underwater valleys can be take ______ color.A.byB.forC.withD.in

    12【2024上海卷 25】Graduation is a good time to thank those who have helped you ______ the tough years.A.throughB.upC.withD.from

    13【2024湖北卷 30】When asked about their opinions about the schoolmaster, many teachers would prefer to see him step aside ________ younger men.A.in terms ofB.in need ofC.in favor ofD.in praise of

    14【2024山东卷 30】I’m sorry I didn’t phone you, but I’ve been very busy_____ the past couple of weeks.A.beyondB.withC.amongD.over

    15【2024安徽卷 25】Sometimes proper answers are not far to seek______ food safety problem.A.inB.toC.onD.after

    16【2024浙江卷 5】I always wanted to do the job which I’d been trained ______.A.onB.forC.byD.of

    17【2024四川卷 8】Nick, it’s good for you to read some books __________China before you start your trip there.A.inB.forC.ofD.on

    18【2024天津卷 11】He was a good student and scored _________ average in most subjects.A.belowB.ofC.onD.above

    19【2024天津卷 5】____ regular exercise is very important, it’s never a good idea to exercise too close to bedtime.A.ItB.AsC.AlthoughD.Unless

    20【2024重庆卷 24】Shirley, a real book lover, often brings home many books to read __________ the library.A.inB.forC.byD.from

    21【2024江苏卷 32】We’d better discuss everything ______before we work out the plan.A.in detailB.in generalC.on purposeD.on time

    22【2024全国卷I 30】The form cannot be signed by anyone ______ yourself.A.rather thanB.other thanC.more thanD.better than

    23【2024全国卷I 22】Try____ she might, Sue couldn’t get the door open.A.ifB.whenC.sineD.as

    24【2024浙江卷 6】The school isn’t the one I really wanted to go to, but I suppose I’ll just have to ______it.A.make the best ofB.get away fromC.keep an eye onD.catch up with

    25【2024福建卷 22】____ good service, the restaurant offers different kinds of traditional Fujian dished.A.Far fromB.Apart fromC.Instead ofD.Regardless of 26【2024安徽卷 24】To be great, you must be smart, confident, and, ______, honest.A.thereforeB.above allC.howeverD.after 27【2024全国卷I 25】—Someone wants you on the phone.—_____nobody knows I am here.A.AlthoughB.AndC.ButD.So

    28【2024山东卷 23】Find ways to praise your children often, ____ you’ll find they will open their hearts to you.A.tillB.orC.andD.but

    29【2024辽宁卷 31】Bring the flowers into a warm room ___ they'll soon open.A.orB.andC.butD.for

    30【2024江西卷27】 The house was too expensive and too big._______, I’d grown fond of our little rented house.A.BesidesB.ThereforeC.SomehowD.Otherwise

    31〖10福建〗The girl had hardly rung the bell ______the door was opened suddenly, and her friend rushed out to greet her.A.beforeB.untilC.asD.since

    32〖10上海〗_______our manage objects to Tom’s joining the club, we shall accept him as a member.A.UntilB.UnlessC.IfD.After

    33〖10安徽〗The engineers are so busy that they have zero time for outdoor sports activities, ________they have the interest.A.whereverB.wheneverC.even ifD.as if

    34〖10安徽〗Just use this room for the time being, and we’ll offer you a larger one _______it becomes available

    A.as soon asB.unlessC.as far asD.until

    35〖10江西〗— Our holiday cost a lot of money.— Did it? Well, that doesn’t matter______ you enjoyed yourselves.A as long asB unlessC as soon asD though

    36〖10江西〗Nowadays some hospitals refer to patients ______ name, not case number.A ofB asC byD with

    37〖10全国Ⅰ〗Mary made coffee ________ her guests were finishing their meal.A.so thatB.althoughC.whileD.as if

    38〖10全国Ⅰ〗The little boy won’t go to sleep ______ his mother tells him a story.A.orB.unlessC.butD.whether

    39〖10辽宁〗The old man asked Lucy to move to another chair ______ he wanted to sit next to his wife.A.althoughB.unlessC.becauseD.if

    40〖10辽宁〗—It’s no use having ideas only.—Don’t worry.Peter can show you ________to turn an idea into an act.A.howB.whoC.whatD.where

    41〖10北京〗_______they decide which college to go to, students should research the admission procedures.A.AsB.WhileC.UntilD.Once

    42〖10上海〗Sean has formed the habit of jogging _________the tree-lined avenue for two hours every day.A.betweenB.alongC.belowD.with

    43〖10天津〗My father warned me ________going to the West Coast because it was crowded with tourists.A.byB.onC.forD.against

    44〖10四川〗Tired, Jim was fast asleep with his back _______a big tree.A.inB.belowC.besideD.against

    45〖10辽宁〗I agree to his suggestion ______theconditionthathedropsall charges.A.byB.inC.onD.to

    46〖10北京〗Would you mind not picking the flowers in the garden? They are _____everyone’s enjoyment.A.inB.atC.forD.to

    47〖10重庆〗The dictionary is what I want, but I don’t have enough money ______me.A.byB.forC.inD.with

    48〖10浙江〗I guess we’ve already talked about this before but I’ll ask you again just ______.A.by natureB.in returnC.in caseD.by chance 49〖09安徽〗—I wonder how much you charge for your services.—The first two are free _______the third costs $30.A.whileB.untilC.whenD.before

    50〖09北京〗John plays basketball well, _____his favorite sport is badminton.A.soB.orC.yetD.for

    51〖09北京〗The wine industry in the area has developed in a special way, ____ little foreign ownership.A.byB.ofC.withD.from

    52〖09北京〗Being a parent is not always easy, and being the parent of a child with special needs often carries with ___extra stress.A.itB.themC.oneD.him

    53〖09北京〗You may use room as you like ____ you clean it up afterwards

    A.so far asB.so long asC.in caseD.even if

    54〖09北京〗At first he hated the new job but decided to give himself a few months to see___ it got any better.A.whenB.howC.whyD.if

    55〖09湖南〗______ the police thought he was the most likely one, since they had no exact proof about it, they could not arrest him.A.AlthoughB.As long asC.If onlyD.As soon as

    56〖09四川〗Owen wouldn’t eat anything ____________ he cooked it himself

    A.untilB.sinceC.unlessD.while

    57〖09浙江〗The medicine works more effectively ____ you drink some hot water after taking it.A.asB.untilC.althoughD.if

    58〖08全国Ⅰ〗Let’s learn to use the problem we are facing ______a stepping stone to future success.A.toB.forC.asD.by

    59〖08全国Ⅰ〗The lawyer seldom wears anything other than a suit _______the season.A.whateverB.whereverC.wheneverD.however

    60〖08全国Ⅰ〗—Have you got any idea for the summer vacation?

    —I don’t mind where we go ______there’s sun, sea and beach.A.as ifB.as long asC.now thatD.in order that

    61〖08全国Ⅱ〗A small car is big enough for a family of three ______you need more space for baggage.A.onceB.becauseC.ifD.unless

    62〖08全国Ⅱ〗The road conditions there turned out to be very good, _____was more than we could expect.A.itB.whatC.whichD.that

    63〖08全国Ⅱ〗Modern equipment and no smoking are two of the things I like ______working here.A.withB.overC.atD.about

    64〖08天津〗At the railway station, the mother waved goodbye to her daughter until the train was _______.A.out of sightB.out of reachC.out of orderD.out of place

    65〖08北京〗If you really have to leave during the meeting, you’d better leave _____the back door.A.forB.byC.acrossD.out

    参考答案 1——5DBDAD 6——10CAAAB 11——15DACDB 16——20BDDCD 21——25ABDAB 26——30BCCBA 31——35ABCAA 36——40CCBCA 41——45DBDDC 46——50 51——55 56——60 61——65

    CDCAD CACDA CDCAB DCDAB

    第五篇:初中英语复习提要(三)介词、连词、构词法

    2024年初中英语复习提要

    (三)介词、连词、构词法

    福清市蒜岭侨兴中学 郭礼文 2024-03

    在调研中,有学生问到如何才能学好介词和连词,如何做好词形转换题?我的经验是,对于介词和连词要记住它们的本义和固定搭配,再灵活运用。对于构词法关键还是记住词根和配生词。

    一、介词

    1.与形容词搭配的词组有:

    be afraid of(怕)be angry with(生某人的气)

    be away from(不在某地)be different from(与„不同)

    be good at(善于)be good/ bad for(对„有益/有害)

    be interested in(对„感兴趣)be late for(迟到)

    be/get ready for(为作好准备)be sure of(对„有把握)

    be worried about(为„感到担忧)

    2.介词后常用人称代词宾格和动词-ing形式

    1)You must take good care of her.2)Thank you for teaching us so well.3.几组易混淆的介词

    A.“在...之后”in + 一段时间(用于一般将来时)

    after + 一段时间(用于一般过去时)after + 一点时间(常用于一般将来时)

    如:The baby stopped crying after half an hour.The baby will stop crying in half an hour.They will visit their teacher after Friday.B. for +一段时间

    since +过去的一点时间

    这两者均用于现在完成时,具体在时态部分,我会继续向同学们讲解。C. be made of “用„„制成”;

    be made in “由某地制造”;

    be made by somebody “由某人制成” D. in, on, at表时间

    in “在某月(季节、年)等” eg:in 1996, in January, in summer 固定词组:in the morning, in a week,in a minute,in time, in the end on “用于指具体的某一天或专指某一天上午、下午或晚上等” eg:on Christmas Day, on the night of February 16 at “用于具体时刻前和某些固定词组中”

    固定词组:at seven, at the moment, at night, at last, at first, at noon, at times, at once, at this time of the year, at the beginning of, at the end of this month, at the same time 注意:在表时间里,下列情况下一般不用介词。词组里有:next, last, this, that, tomorrow, yesterday, one, every, all 以及the day before yesterday和the day after tomorrow 前不用介词。如:不能说 in tomorrow ,只能说 tomorrow 在明天 E.except +宾格/doing something "除„之外”(不包括本身)Everyone is at school today except Lin Tao.(同义句转换)=Only Lin Tao isn't at school today.F.“用” 通过交通工具 by plane;用语言 in English;通过媒介 on /over the telephone, on /over the radio, on TV;用工具手段 with a pen, with one's hands G. between “在~和~(两者)之间” between...and..., between the two...among 在...之间(三者或三者以上)eg.Sue spent over two hours ____ her homework yesterday evening.A.on B.with C.at D.over

    二、连词 1.并列连词

    *both„and 既~又~谓语用复数动词 *neither„nor 既不~也不~含否定意义,(就近原则)谓语动词由靠近它的那个主语来决定单复数。

    *either„or„ “或者 „或者„”“不是„就是„”

    *and“和” 连接两个并列成分,连接谓语时,两个动词时态应一致。*but “但是” 表转折,不能与 though 同时出现在句中。

    *or “或者”在否定句中,并列句中的列举常用 or,而不用 and。

    Eg: I have brothers and sisters.(否)

    I don't have brothers or sisters.= I have no brothers and no sisters.2. 引导宾语从句的连词

    *陈述句:that 可省略

    *一般疑问句:if /whether “是否” *特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词

    3. 引导原因状从的有:because(不能与so同时出现在句中)4.引导时间状语从句的连词: A.when(当„时候),as soon as„(一„就),not„until(直到„才),after(在„之后),引导的主从复合句,主句为一般将来时,从句则用一般现在时来代替一般将来时。

    Eg: I won't leave until he comes back.B.since(自从„以来)引导的主从复合句,主句为现在完成时,从句用一般过去时。

    Eg:We haven't met each other since she left here last year.C.while(当„时候,一边„一边„)它引导的时间状语从句常用进行时态。

    Eg: My father came in while I was doing my homework.5.引导条件状语从句的连词:

    if “如果”,引导条件状从,主句用一般将来时,从句则用一般现在时。请区别于if“是否”相当于 whether,引导宾语从句,时态根据语境确定 eg:1)I don't know if it ____(rain)tomorrow.2)If it ______(rain)tomorrow, I _____________(not climb)the hills.3)Joan and Mary haven't seen each other_____they left school five years ago.A.as B.before C.after D.since

    三、构词法

    前缀 例词 派生词 un-“不” happy unhappy like unlike usual unusual friendly unfriendly im-“不” possible impossible

    后缀 例词 派生词

    -er“人” teach/play/clean teacher/player/cleaner drive driver(以e结尾,-r)

    run runner(重读闭音节,双写-er)win winner travel traveller-or“人” invent inventor visit visitor-ly(副词后缀)bad badly quick quickly careful carefully happy happily deep deeply lucky luckily usual usually noisy noisily slow slowly angry angrily strong strongly quiet quietly 特例:trueterribly possible-possibly

    名词 形容词-ful(形容词后缀)care careful help helpful use useful forget forgetful-y(形容词后缀)rain rainy luck lucky cloud cloudy noise noisy(以e结尾,去e,加-y)snow snowy sun sunny(双写,加-y)wind windy

    -ion(名词后缀)动词 名词

    invent invention operate operation-ness(名词后缀)形容词 名词

    busy business good goodness 一些特例:

    动词 形容词 动词 现在分词转化为名词 sleep asleep boat boating die dead build building enjoy enjoyable begin beginning

    cross crossing 名词 形容词 meet meeting friend friendly turn turning south southern shop shopping wool woolen 动词 过去分词转为形容词 danger dangerous fry fried difference different worry worried

    break broken lose lost 动词 名词 please pleased know knowledge colour coloured fly flight 名词 名词 please pleasure farm farmer 农夫

    动词 现在分词、过去分词转为形容词 follow following interest interested“感兴趣的” 只作表语,仅用于be interested in interesting “有趣的” 可作表语和定语

    develop developed “发达的” developing “发展中的”

    练习题

    1、Lucy can write a letter___Japanese though she has learned it only a few months.A.from B.to C.in D.with

    2、They will have an English test___two days.A.for B.at C.in D.after

    3、Wu Dong was born___the evening of April 2,1975.A.at B.in C.on D.to

    4、I haven 't heard _______ her _____ she left home.A.from, since B.from, after C.of, when D.of , as

    5、Tom didn't know___Jack would leave for Beijing tomorrow.A.how B.weather C.whether D.what

    6、His parents were _________(happy)because he had failed the exam again.7、Mrs.Green liked to stay _____(safe)at the same place.8、The_______(visit)from France are going to visit our school this afternoon.思考题

    1、The farmer was___tired___he couldn't fall asleep.A.very„to B.too„to C.so„that D.neither„nor

    2、Work hard, ___you won't catch up with the others.A.but B.and C.if D.or

    3、The game is very ___ and she's ___ in it.A.interesting, interesting B.interested, interested C.interested, interesting D.interesting, interested



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