浅谈英语句子中的强调

第一篇：浅谈英语句子中的强调

浅谈英语句子中的强调——光磊

英语中强说(emphasis)一词，源出拉丁语，意即“表达的强度”.(force of expression)。强调可以烘托出作者强烈的情感，突出作者所要强调的中心思想或者表达作者对某一问题的看法。每种语言都有其特有的强调方式，英语也不例外。在英语口语中，说话者可以通过重读某些音节或者运用强势语调来达到强调的目的。在书面语言中则用不同的强调方式。其中有些词是“非语言”(artifitial)的，如大写或斜写重要的词句或者用加重点或强调型标点符号(！!)等等。、本文不准备叙述这些非语言性的强调手段，而想从词法、句法和修辞三个角度谈一下英语中的强调问题。正如题目所标示的，所谈的对象局限于一个英语句子，不涉及整段或篇章强调。

通过词法手段达到强调的方法多种多样。名词、代词、形容词、副词、语气词、甚至诅咒词都可以用来加强语气。否定句中常有否定强调词(negative intensifiers)来进行强调。纳斯菲尔德(Nestfield，1906)指出:“一个句子的中间部分没有句子的开头有强调性，而句子的开头在大部分情况下又不及句尾有强调性。”

修辞强调手段也是多种多样，从明喻、暗喻到夸张、重复、对比、讽刺等等。可以把这些修辞手段按下列三个原则粗略地划分一下:a)比较(或对比)的原则;b)重复印象的原则(reduplication)形象化原则。

强调———人际意义的重要因素（张辉松）摘 要:功能语法的人际意义主要是从“互动的”、“认识的”和“评价的”三个方面来考察的。然而,这一人际意义的三元素框架还不能全面涵盖话语的人际意义类型。作为用以增强语气、强化语义、突出重点、凸显主题,以便更有效地影响受话人的情感和行为的重要手段———强调,应被看作一种重要的人际意义因素。它不仅具有不同于上述三种性质的人际意义,而且实现其人际意义的资源十分丰富。

关键词:人际意义;三元素框架;强调;实现资源

强调作为语言的众多功能之一体现于语音、词汇语法以及语篇等层面。因此,强调性的人际意义资源十分丰富。强调作为促进交际效果的有力手段历来就受到学界的较为广泛的关注。从国内外学者(如R.Quirk等,1985: 587;张振邦, 1982: 848;丁往道等, 1994: 62-70;徐鹏, 1996: 202-332;郑雪青, 1997: 86-90;王益民, 1992:42-47;等等)有关研究成果来看,我们可以把不同层面的强调手段归纳为语音强调、词汇强调、语法强调、修辞强调、语篇强调、非语言或副语言强调等。

语篇强调和非或副语言强调是笔者提出来两个新的概念。语篇强调手段是指从整个语篇、语篇的某一部分或段落的构成出发对语句进行恰当安排和调配,以便突出重点或主题的手段。语篇的强调手段也具有多样性,常见的有以下几种: 1.语篇/段落首尾位置。2.语句调配。

3.重要内容标示语。

强调具有不同于认知性的、评价性的和互动性的人际意义因素的特征。不仅如此,语言及非语言的强调性人际意义的资源十分丰富。这就充分证明了强调是一种重要的人际意义因素。据此,我们有足够的理由在上述人际意义的三元素框架中增加一项强调性的因素。这样,人际意义研究框架的涵盖面就更宽泛了,包容性也更强了。

再论语言强调功能构建的心理机制（文张辉松）强调是语言的一种重要功能。在语言活动中，说写者往往运用诸如语音、词汇、语法、修辞等各种手段来达到某种特殊的表达效果，如增强语气、强化语义、突出重点或凸显主题等。那么，为什么一定的方式或手段就能够收到理想的特殊表达效果呢？为了回答这个问题，笔者曾从“强调”的基本原理入手，从心理学的角度分析和探讨过强调功能构建的心理机制，认为强调手段之所以能发挥上述强调作用，主要是与说写者使用特别的听觉手段（如重读、语调、音韵等）或特别的视觉手段（词汇、句法、修辞、排版、字体等）来激发和强化听读者的注意有关联，即听读者的注意的激发和强化是语言强调功能构建的心理机制。经过进一步探讨，笔者发现，联想和想象也是语言强调功能构建的心理机制。

第二篇：英语中强调句型的总结

英语中的强调句式

英语的强调句分为句型强调和用词强调,这是中学阶段最常用的两种强调形式。**句型强调：

It is /was+被强调的部分+that（who）+句子其他成分

I bought my big house in the city.→ It was in the city that I bought my big house.Jack helped me in that days.→It was Jack that/who helped me in that days.Children like stories.It is children that/who like stories.注意：强调主语时，who或者that后面的谓语动词形式须与被强调的主语在数上保持一致.1.特殊疑问句中，只有疑问词能够被强调，其句型为：特殊疑问词+be+it that+其他成分？

What made him so pleased?

→ What is it that made him so pleased.Where did you go then?

→ Where is it that you went then?

3在强调not...until结构中的时间状语时，要将not移到until前，再将not until..部分移到被强调的位置.My mother didn’t come back until ten o’clock last night.→It was not until ten o’clock last night that my mother came back.4强调句的Be动词前面有时可以加情态动词must，can，may等。

→It must be Lucy sent me the present。

→How can it be that Tom didn’t pass English exam。

** 用词强调

1.可以用助动词do/does/did +动词原形进行强调。

I do think over the question.He did beat his child just now.2.用on earthin the worldat all 可以表达更强的语气，常用于疑问句中。What on earth did you know?

Where in the world will you go？

Do you know at all?

练习：将下列句子就划线部分进行强调

1.昨天我在街上遇见了我的一位老同学。

2.你是怎样完成这项任务的？

3.4.

第三篇：英语中的常见的几种强调形式

英语中的常见的几种强调形式

在描写或叙述过程中，有时为了加强语气，增加感情色情或加强对比，需要改变句子的结构，以突出强调句子中的某些成分，通常采用下列四种方式进行强调。

1．借用助动词do进行强调

I do agree with you.我确实同意你的意见。

You do look better today.今天你真是看起来好多了。

The editor does need to know the facts.编辑确实需要了解事实。

She does enjoy talking to you.她的确乐意和你谈话。

Do come and visit us!

你一定来看我们!

Do sit down!

敬请入座!

Do shot up!

你闭上嘴巴!

Jane did send the letter.简的确把信送去了。

You did make some errors in spelling.你真的拼错了一些字。

I don’t take much exercise now, but I did play golf a lot a few years ago.我现在不怎么活动了，不过几年前我真是常常打高乐夫球。

He may forget about it, but I did tell him.你也许忘了，不过我确实告诉过他。

NOTES:1.助动词do只能用来强调句子的动词部分，不能用来强调其它成分。

2.用助动词do来加强语气，仅限于陈述句和祈使句。在疑问句中的助动do则没有此作用。

3．些种形式的强调只能用于一般现在时和过去时。

助动词do按人称和时态变化后，其后的动词不再变化。

2．用It is/was……that……句型进行强调

这种句型可用来强调除动词外的任何句子成分。试比较下列各句的重点。

Jane bought a used car from the garage yesterday.昨天简在旧车场买了一辆旧车。(正常语序的陈述句)

It was Jane that bought a used car from the garage.是简从旧车场买了一辆旧车。(强调句子的主语)

It was a used car that Jane bought yesterday.简昨天买的是一辆旧车。(强调句子的宾语)

It was from the garage that Jane bought a used car.简是从旧车场买了一辆旧车。(强调原句的地点状语)

It was yesterday that Jane bought a used car.简是在昨天买了一辆旧车。(强调原句的时间状语)

其它例句

It is Professor Marvin who is talking on the phone.打电话的是马林教授。(强调主语)

It is people, and not things that are decisive.起决定作用的是人而不是物。(强调主语)

It was fifteen years ago that I first visited the United States.我第一次出访美国是在十五年前了。(强调时间状语)

It is the result and not the precedure that they are interested in.他们感兴趣只是结果而不是处理过程。(强调介词in的宾语)

It was the Harvard law school that she graduated from.她是从哈佛大学法学院毕业的。(强调介词from的宾语)

It is this virus that Dr Watson first detected in his lab.华生大夫首先在他的实验室里发现的是这种病毒。(强调宾语)

NOTES:1.连词that不可改换为which或when, where等。不论强调的是主语、宾语或是时间、地点状语

都必须用that.2.如果强调的主语是人，也可以用who作连词。

3.用what引导的名词从句来强调主语或宾语。

What hurt me most was her indifference.最让我伤心的是她漠不关心的态度。

(比较：Her indifference hurt me most.)

What really interests her is the design and not the material.使她真正感兴趣的是服装设计而不是面料。

(比较：The design and not the material interests her.)

What I need is some rest.我需要休息。

(比较：I need some rest.)

What they lack is experience.他们缺少的是经验。

(比较：They lack experience.)

What I like about her is her style.我所喜欢的是她的风格。

(比较：I like her style.)

What she really enjoys doing is watching TV or listening to music.她真正乐意做的是看看电视或听听音乐。

(比较：she enjoys watching TV or listening to music.)

What they value most is freedom and independence.他们最珍贵的是自由和独立。

(比较：They value freedom and independence most.)

4.改变正常语序，将所强调的状语置于句首。

On my desk I found an interesting book about Mexico.在我的桌上我发现一本很有趣的关于墨西哥析书。

A few minutes later she collapsed.几分钟以后她就垮下了。

Suddenly the rain stopped.突然间雨停了。

For weeks the rescuing party searched for the missing girl.一连几个星期救援队都在搜寻丢失的女孩。

Under his arm be was carrying a great album.他的腋下挟着一本巨大的像册。

这一类倒装句极为常见。有时是为了加强语气，有时仅仅是为了上下文的衔接通顺。些类句子只是将状语

提前，其余句子扔按陈述句的正常语序排列。

In a corner of the room sat a small boy.房间的角落时坐着一个小男孩。

On the couch was lying a beautiful young woman.沙发上躺着一个漂亮的女子。

Down crashed the gigantic plane.大飞机一下子栽了下来。

Down the street marched the hand.乐队沿着街道走远了。

Here comes the bus.车来了。

这一类倒装句通常状语简短，谓语动词是come, sit, lie, stand, walk 等不及物动词。其语序通常是动词在前，主语在后，不借用助动词do.Not until then did I understand what she meant.直到那时我才明白她的意思。

Seldom have I seen this road flooded.我很少见过这条路被水淹没。

Not only did we lose our money, but our lives were also in danger.我们不仅丢了钱，还险些丢了命。

Hardly had she entered the room when the telephone started to ring.她还没进屋电话铃就响起来了。

Never before had I seen so many beautiful girls.我从未见过这么多漂亮的女孩子。

No sooner had he arrived than the trouble started.他刚一到麻烦就来了。

这一类倒装句以否定副词开句，如Never, not only, hardly, no sooner, seldom, at no time, on no account, in no way等。句子的倒装要借用助动词do/does/did或have/has/had来构成。

第四篇：英语中表示强调的八种方式

英语中表示强调的八种方式

为了强调英语句子中的某一成份，强调方式是多种多样的。

一、用形容词“very”，“single”等表示强调

Red Army fought a battle on this very spot.红军就在此地打过一仗。

Not a single person has been in the office this afternoon.今天下午竟然没有一个人来过办公室。

二、用反身代词表示强调

I myself will see her off at the station.我将亲自到车站为她送行。

You can do it well yourself.你自己能做好这件事情。

三、用助词“do”表示强调

The baby is generally healthy，but every now and then she does catch a cold.那孩子的健康状况尚好，但就是偶尔患感冒。

Do be quiet.I told you I had a headache.务必安静，我告诉过你，我头疼。

四、用副词“very”，“only”，“even”，“too”，“just”等表示强调

He drank it to the very last drop.他把它喝得一干二净。

Only in this way can we wipe out the enemy troops.只有用这样的方法我们才能消灭敌军。He didn’t answer even my letter.他甚至连我的信都不回。

I will too go！我要去的！

The scenery is just superb.风景真是美极了。

五、用“...and that”，“...and those”，“not...too much”，“否定加否定”等结构表示强调 They fulfilled the task，and that in a few days.他们在几天内完成的就是那项任务。I gave her some presents，and those the day before yesterday.前天我送给她的就是那些礼物。

I can’t thank you too much.我无论怎样感谢你都不过份。

I am not unfaithful to you.我对你无比忠诚。

六、用短语“in every way”，“in no way”，“by all means”，“by no means”，“only too”，“all too”，“but too”，“in heaven”，“in the world”，“in hell”，“on earth”，“under the sun”等表示强调 His behaviour was in every way perfect.他的举止确实无可挑剔。

By all means take your son with you.你一定要把儿子带来。

The news was only too true.这消息确实是事实。

It was over all too soon！此事的确了结得很快！

Where in heaven were you then？当时你到底在哪里？

Nobody under the sun would buy that car.确实没有人会买那辆车。

七、用倒装句表示强调

Dishonest he is！他的确不诚实！

In wine is the truth.酒后吐真言。

八、用强调句型表示强调

It was the headmaster who opened the door for me.正是校长为我开的门。

It was yesterday that we carried out that experiment.就是在昨天我们做了那个实验。

第五篇：中英语万能句子

高中英语万能句子

1、因此，我们最好得出这样的结论……

2、There is an old saying______.It“s the experience of our forefathers,however,it is correct in many cases eventoday.3、9.综上所述，我们可以清楚地得出结论……

4、6.早就应该拿出行动了。比如说……，另外……所有这些方法肯定会……

5、people’s views on … vary from person to person.Some hold that … However, others believe that…人们对……的观点因人而异。有些人认为……，然而其他人却认为……

6、【预示后果】

7、10.根据图表/数字/统计数字/表格中的百分比/图表/条形图/成形图可以看出……很显然……，但是为什么呢？

8、On the contrary,there aresome people in favor of ___.At the same time,they say____.9、5.任何事物都是有两面性，……也不例外。它既有有利的一面，也有不利的一面。

10、Everything has two sides and ______ is not an exception,it has both advantages and disadvantages.11、3.……对我们国家的发展和建设是必不可少的，（也是）非常重要的。首先，……而且……，最重要的是……

12、In my opinion, I think it necessary to____.The reasons are as follows.First_____.Second ______.Last but not least,______.13、Only in this way can we … 只有这样，我们才能……

14、Today, ____, which have brought a lot of harms in our daily life.First, ____Second,____.What makes things worse is that______.15、为什么会……？一个原因是……，令一个原因是……；或许其主要原因是……

16、Finally, to speak frankly, there is also a more practical reason why …

17、Here are some suggestions for handling … 这是如何处理某事的一些建议。

18、递进 What is more, in addition, and, besides, also, furthermore, too, moreover, furthermore, as well as, additionally, again.19、5.面临……，我们应该采取一系列行之有效的方法来……一方面……，另一方面，Confronted with______,we should take a series of effective measures to______.For onething,______Foranother,______

20、people may have different opinions on …人们对……可能会有不同的见解。

21、列举 for example, for instance, such as, take …for example, except（for），to illustrate.22、Recently, the problem of … has aroused people’s concern.最近，……问题已引起人们的关注。

23、3.现在，……，它们给我们的日常生活带来了许多危害。首先，……；其次，……更为糟糕的是……

24、I sincerely believe that …我真诚地相信……

25、Taking into account all these factors, we may reasonably come to the conclusion that …

26、It is commonly believed that … / It is a common belief that … 人们一般认为……

27、随着科技的发展，越来越多的人认为……

28、It is time to take the advice of … and to put special emphasis on the improvement of …

29、It may be true that …，but it doesn’t mean that …

30、Why______? The first reason is that ______.The second reason is ______.Thethird is ______.For all this, the main cause of ______due to ______.31、很明显，如果我们不能控制这一问题，很有可能我们会陷入危险。

32、【结尾句】

33、结果 as a result, thus, hence, so, therefore, accordingly, consequently, as a consequence34、列出解决办法：

36、认为……是很自然的，但我们不应忽视……

38、如今，（人口过剩）已成为我们不得不面对的问题了。

41、【开头】

42、10.如果我们不采取有效的方法，就可能控制不了这种趋势，就会出现一些意想不到的不良后果，所以，我们应该做的是……

43、Different people hold different attitudes toward（failure）。对（失败）人们的态度各不相同。

44、我十分赞同这一论述，即……，其主要原因如下：

45、10.完全同意……这种观点（陈述），主要理由如下：

46、It is natural to believe that …，but we shouldn’t ignore that …

47、Obviously, … If we want to do something … , it is essential that …

48、【提出建议】

49、【给出原因】

50、According to the figure/number/statistics/percentages in the /chart/bargraph/line/graph,it can be seen that______ while.Obviously,______,but why?

51、显然，如果我们想做某事，很重要的是…

52、8.在总体上很难说……是好还是坏，因为它在很大程度上取决于……的形势。然而，就我个人而言，我发现……

53、personally, I believe that_____.Consequently, I’m confident that a brightfuture is awaiting us because______.54、6.至于我（对我来说，就我而言），我认为……更合理。只有这样，我们才能……

55、It is high time that we put an end to the（trend）。该是我们停止这一趋势的时候了。

56、Nowadays,it is common to ______.Many people like______ because ______.Besides,______.57、毫无疑问，对……问题应予以足够的重视。

58、From what has been discussed above, we may reasonably arrive at the conclusionthat____.59、4.就我个人而言，我相信……，因此，我坚信美好的未来正等着我们。因为……

60、Many people insist that … 很多人坚持认为……

61、The best way to solve the troubles is … 解决这些麻烦的最好办法是……

62、As far as I am concerned, I agree with the latter opinion to some extent.Ithink that ____.63、There are different opinions among people as to ____.Some people suggest that____.64、让步 although, after all, in spite of…，despite, even if, even though, though, admittedly, whatever may happen.65、8.……已成为人的关注的热门话题，特别是在年青人当中，将引发激烈的辩论。

66、互联网已在我们的生活中扮演着越来越重要的角色。它给我们带来了许多好处，但也产生了一些严重的问题。

67、6.关于……人们的观点各不相同，一些人认为（说）……，在他们看来，……

68、强调 still, indeed, apparently, oddly enough, of course, after all, significantly, interestingly, also, above all, surely, certainly, undoubtedly, in any case, anyway, above all, in fact, especially, obviously, clearly.69、转折 however, rather than, instead of, but, yet, on the other hand, unfortunately, whereas70、1.至于我，在某种程度上我同意后面的观点，我认为……

71、【如何连接】

72、personally, I am standing on the side of …就个人而言，我站在……的一边。

73、对比 by contrast, on the contrary, while, whereas, on the other hand, unlike, instead, but, conversely, different from, however, nevertheless, otherwise, whereas, unlike, yet, in contrast.74、5.随着社会的发展，……因此，迫切需要……如果每个人都愿为社会贡献自已的一份力量，这个社会将要变得越来越好。

75、______ has been playing an increasingly important role in our day-to-day life.ithas brought us a lot of benefits but has created some serious problems as well76、______is necessary and important to our country”s development andconstruction.First,______.What“s more, _____.Most important of all,______.77、把所有这些因素加以考虑，我们自然会得出结论……

78、7.对我来说，我认为有必要……原因如下：第一，……； 第二，……；最后……但同样重要的是……

79、I quite agree with the statement that … The reasons are chiefly as follows.80、该是采纳……的建议，并对……的进展给予特殊重视的时候了。

81、It was obvious that …很显然，…

82、A lot of people seem to think that … 很多人似乎认为……

83、Taking all these factors into consideration, we naturally come to the conclusion that…

84、people’s opinions about ______ vary from person to person.Some people say that______.To them,_____.85、2.俗话说（常言道）……，它是我们前辈的经历，但是，即使在今天，它在许多场合仍然适用。

86、With the development of science and technology, more and more people believe that…

87、可能 presumably, probably, perhaps.88、总结 on the whole, in conclusion, in a word, to sum up, in brief, in summary, to conclude, to summarize, in short.89、毫无疑问，跳槽有优点也有缺点。

90、Why did …？ For one thing …，for another … perhaps the primary reason is…

91、No doubt, unless we take effective measures, it is very likely that …

92、Man is now facing a big problem ______ which is becoming more and more serious.93、There is no evidence to suggest that … 没有证据表明……

94、4.有几个可供我们采纳的方法。首先，我们可以……

95、时间 later, next, then, finally, at last, eventually, meanwhile, from now on, at the same time, for the time being, in the end, immediately, in the meantime, in the meanwhile, recently, soon, now and then, during, nowadays, since, lately, as soon as, afterwards, temporarily, earlier, now, after a while.96、There are several measures for us to adopt.First, we can______

97、解释 in other words, in fact, as a matter of fact, that is, namely, in simpler terms.98、I fully agree with the statement that ______ because______.99、7.为什么……？第一个原因是……；第二个原因是……；第三个原因是……总的来说，……的主要原因是由于……

100、很紧迫的是，应立即采取措施阻止这一事态的发展。

101、可能……是对的，但这并不意味着……

102、From my point of view, it is more reasonable to support the first opinion rather than the second.在我看来，支持第一种观点比支持第二种观点更有道理。

103、With the development of society, ______.So it”s urgent and necessary to____.If every member is willing to contribute himself to the society, it willbe better and better.104、毫无疑问，除非我们采取有效措施，很可能会……

105、As far as something is concerned, … 就某事而言，……

106、顺序 first, second, third, then, finally, to begin with, first of all, in the first place, last, next, above all, last but not the least, first and most important.107、people have figured out many ways to solve this problem.人们已找出许多办法来解决这个问题。

108、I cannot entirely agree with the idea that …我无法完全同意这一观点……

109、It is urgent that immediate measures should be taken to stop the situation.110、这一现象的存在是有许多原因的。首先，……；第二，……；第三，……

111、1.相反，有一些人赞成……，他们相信……，而且，他们认为……

112、Hence/Therefore, we’d better come to the conclusion that …

113、【引出不同观点】

114、原因 for this reason, due to, thanks to, because, because of, as, since, owing to.115、In my opinion, it is more advisable to do … than to do …

116、It is difficult to say whether _____is good or not in general as it dependsvery much on the situation of______.However, from a personal point of viewfind______.117、批判错误观点和做法：

118、9.尽管如此，我相信……更有利。

119、Obviously, if we don’t control the problem, the chances are that … will lead us in danger.120、【结尾】

121、7.人类正面临着一个严重的问题……，这个问题变得越来越严重。

122、But I don"t think it is a very good way to solve ____.For example,____.Worst of all,___.123、2.总而言之，整个社会应该密切关注……这个问题。只有这样，我们才能在将来……

124、All in all, we cannot live without … But at the same time we must try to find out new ways to cope with the problems that would arise.125、It must be realized that …我们必须意识到……

126、在我个人看来，做……比做……更明智。

127、In a word, the whole society should pay close attention to the problem of______.Only in this way can ______in the future.128、There is no doubt that（job-hopping）has its drawbacks as well as merits.129、Attitudes towards（drugs）vary from person to person.人们对待吸毒的态度因人而异。

130、4.现在，……很普遍，许多人喜欢……，因为……，另外（而且）……

131、But ______and ______have their own advantages.For example, _____, while_____.Comparing this with that, however, I prefer to______.132、比较 like, similarly, likewise, in the same way, in the same manner, equally.133、总之，我们没有…是无法生活的。但同时，我们必须寻求新的解决办法来对付可能出现的新问题。

134、There are different opinions among people as to …关于……，人们的观点大不相同。

135、8.然而，正如任何事物都有好坏两个方面一样，……也有它的不利的一面，象……

136、【中间段落句】

137、It is high time that something was done about it.For example._____.Inaddition._____.All these measures will certainly______.138、二、复杂版高中英语万能句子，适用于一般英语考试作文写作

139、The Internet has been playing an increasingly important role in our day-to-day life.It has brought a lot of benefits but has created some serious problems as well.140、______ has become a hot topic among people,especiallyamong the young and heated debates are right on their way.141、2.但是，我认为这不是解决……的好方法，比如……最糟糕的是……

142、【论证】

143、一、简洁版高中英语万能句子，适用于日常英语作文写作练习

144、Nowadays,（overpopulation）has become a problem we have to face.145、For my part, I think it reasonable to_____.Only in this way can you _____.146、Nonetheless, I believe that ______is more advantageous.147、3.但是，……和……都有它们各自的优势（好处）。例如，……，而……然而，把这两者相比较，我更倾向于（喜欢）……

148、【段首句】

149、If we can not take useful means, we may not control this trend, and someundesirable result may come out unexpectedly, so what we should do is_____.150、1.关于……人们有不同的观点。一些人认为……

151、However, just like everything has both its good and bad sides, ______also hasits own disadvantages, such as ______.152、考虑所有这些因素，我们可能会得出合理的结论……